- a space of production.

A less obvious function of pasture and meadow was to fertilise arable land. The soil slowly lost fertility - as it now does more rapidly - by minerals leached out of by the rain, or removed in crops and transferred, via human body to middens, gardens and churchyards. Before fertilisers were imported, these minerals were replaced from the dung of animals that had fed on grassland. Sheep, especially could be fed on pasture during the day and folded on arable at night, which saved the trouble of handling dung. Hence the complicated foldcourse customs of mediaeval East Anglia, and the usual requirement that a tenant should fold his sheep on his lord's land. Later it was often said, at least in books, that the dung of sheep was more valuable than wool or meat.(OR)

- a space of consumption/exchange.

So how then does the purchase of pop music of the 20th century or choral music of the 17th century make sense of your experience, of what you produce, what might be your labour (your work) of your social relations with similar bodies and towards groups very different to yourself? The representation of sex-desire in one and the sacred in the other are abstractions: they stand for something, an object, that isn't to be grasped, got 'hold of', even though one is an element of a whole fucking industry and the other an element of a whole cultural industry (of aesthetic and cultural appreciation).

- a space of consumption/exchange.

It is clear firstly that the exchange of activities and abilities which takes place within production itself belongs directly to production and essentially constitutes it. The same holds, secondly, for the exchange of products, in so far as that exchange is the means of finishing the product and making it fit for direct consumption. To that extent, exchange is an act comprised within production itself. Thirdly, the so-called exchange between dealers and dealers is by its organisation entirely determined by production, as well as being itself a producing activity. Exchange appears as independent of and indifferent to production only in the final phase where the product is exchanged directly for consumption. But (1) there is no exchange without the division of labour, whether the latter is spontaneous, natural or already a product of historic development; (2) private exchange presupposes private production; (3) the intensity of exchange, as well as its extension and its manner, are determined by the development of and structure of production. For example, exchange between town and country; exchange in the country, in the town, etc. Exchange in all its moments thus appears as either directly comprised in production or determined by it.(KM)

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